{"id":538,"date":"2012-08-15T13:18:08","date_gmt":"2012-08-15T18:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=538"},"modified":"2012-08-17T14:54:42","modified_gmt":"2012-08-17T19:54:42","slug":"buying-real-property-in-panama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/","title":{"rendered":"Buying Real Property in Panama"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under Panama Civil Law one can have control over a land parcel or property not only as a duly recorded owner but as a possessor.\u00a0 Generally speaking, if a title of transfer is deeded before a Public Notary and said title is duly recorded in the Public Registry, the individual or entity who appears in said deed as the transferee will become the owner, in other words, Deed + Proper Recording in the Public Registry = Ownership of Real Estate.\u00a0 If one follows the chain of titles of a property back to the original owner, the first transfer, when the first owner acquired the property, -this is to say, when the property was born in the Public Registry- is a transfer from a government entity \u2013 Municipality, Cadastre or Agrarian Reform, for instance- to the individual or entity that was holding said property without title.\u00a0 There are still land parcels and properties in Panama that are under the control of individuals or entities who have never filed an application before the competent authority to obtain title.\u00a0 Those in this situation have <strong>rights of possession<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to the Civil Law System an individual \u2013or entity- has <strong>rights of possession<\/strong> over a property when he\/she occupies\/controls\/holds a piece of land or a property, under certain conditions, and considers him\/herself the owner of said property, without having title.\u00a0 In general terms, <strong>rights of possession<\/strong> can be transferred, inherited, attached, encumbered, foreclosed and titled subject to the law in affect at the time.\u00a0 They are protected by law as a stage prior to titled property.\u00a0 Those who hold <strong>rights of possession<\/strong> are entitled to file lawsuits against squatters, build improvements, apply for title, prevent\/demolish improvements from third parties, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Note: <\/strong>The following refers only to titled property, not to <strong>rights of possession<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Panamanian Public Registry is one of the world\u2019s largest open registries of merchant vessels and offshore companies.\u00a0 Both the maritime industry and the international business community together with the Panamanian authorities have established one of the most efficient, transparent and secure Public Registries in the Americas.\u00a0 Since the real estate buyer becomes the owner when the transfer deed is recorded in the Public Registry, foreign real estate investors benefit from these developments in the Public Registry as they create a safe, expeditious and open environment in which to conduct real estate transactions.\u00a0 The Public Registry allows you to review online not only the status and history of every legal entity, vessel or property therein recorded, but the deeds and documents related to any of them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here is a list of nine steps that will help you finalize your real estate transaction successfully:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- <strong>Get a title report<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ask for the number of the real estate property from the owner or broker.\u00a0 Then go to the Public Registry (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.registro-publico.gob.pa\/\">www.registro-publico.gob.pa<\/a>) and apply for an abstract of title (historia de la finca, in Spanish), which is a written report <em>that<\/em> shows the history of subsequent changes of ownership on a piece of real estate as well as the area, borders, and any claim or encumbrances affecting the property such as liens, mortgages, attachments, court rulings and the like.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2- <strong>Pay for what you get<\/strong>.\u00a0 Sometimes, due to the use of not so precise surveying tools, especially when properties were titled in the 40s, 50s and 60s, the area in the official surveys (hence in the Public Registry) is more than the <em>de facto<\/em> area you are receiving and for which you are paying.\u00a0 Therefore it is advisable that the Buyer hires an expert in order to conduct a survey of the property and then compare the figures with the ones found in the Public Registry and\/or official surveys.\u00a0 For the same reasons, it is also recommended to establish a price per square meter in the purchase contract, not a lump sum price, so that if the amount of land is less than the area represented by the official survey, the Buyer will be entitled to a proportional price reduction.\u00a0 A due diligence period in the pre-purchase contract will allow the Buyer to conduct the survey of the property.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- <strong>No conveyance, no payment<\/strong>.\u00a0 Once the bill of sale is duly signed before the Public Notary and recorded in the Public Registry, the buyer becomes the owner; hence, payment can be made.\u00a0 If the seller requires the buyer to secure the amount due, the buyer may deposit the total amount in a bank, which in turn will issue an irrevocable letter of payment, whereby the bank guarantees the payment to the seller once the deed has been duly recorded in the Public Registry free and clear from encumbrances.\u00a0 Bank Letters to secure payments are common place in the Panamanian legal environment.\u00a0 If the seller asks for a partial payment in advance in order to close the bill of sale, the buyer may agree with a partial payment following the rest of the advice herein mentioned, in order to reduce legal risks.\u00a0\u00a0 Another method to withhold payment of the balance owed to Seller until the transfer has been completed, while still securing the payment to the Seller, is to put the balance of the purchase price in an escrow account managed by a reputed licensed Trust Company or Law Firm. \u00a0The Trust Company or Law Firm will be obliged to release the balance of the purchase price once the transfer deed is recorded in the Public Registry free and clear, but will withhold said sum, if the transfer deed is not recorded.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- <strong>Easements<\/strong>.\u00a0 An easement is the right, attached to real estate, to use the real property of another person for a specific <em>benefit<\/em>,<em> <\/em>for example: entry and exit easement in favour of a land locked lot, use of a water spring, not to build where the view is obstructed, etc.\u00a0\u00a0 Title reports and title abstracts will usually describe all existing easements affecting a property; but, in some cases, depending on the structure, location and nature of the land, some neighbours or others could have a right (not to be found in the Public Registry) to claim for an easement, and so it might be useful to check all possible easements in the civil code to see if one could apply to the particular piece of land that the buyer <em>is<\/em> trying to acquire.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5- <strong>Latent\/Hidden Defects<\/strong>.\u00a0 Be sure that the bill of sale includes a \u201clatent defect clause\u201d by which the buyer is entitled to rescind the contract and claim damages if a latent or hidden defect (i.e. a hidden flaw or a legal weakness of the title) entails significant loss of property to the buyer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6- <strong>Real Property Taxes<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although most land in Panama is tax exempted, Real Estate Taxes are charged on a quarterly basis to some real properties by the Direcci\u00f3n General de Ingresos, the Panamanian IRS.\u00a0 The current owner is liable for any unpaid real property taxes.\u00a0 As a consequence, it is important that the Buyer checks that the quarterly payments are within his\/her budget and that the property is free from previous real estate tax debts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7- <strong>Double titles<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is a very rare event I must say, but some times the buyer may encounter two titles, held by different persons, that overlap, totally or partially, upon the same piece of land.\u00a0 It follows, that the buyer could acquire from one owner and the other owner will contend to have a better right.\u00a0 To reduce this risk, your surveyor should ask the neighbours if they have any contentions regarding the official boundaries of the lot or parcel.\u00a0 You could search with the authorities in charge of issuing real estate titles (Agrarian Reform Directorate, Municipality and National Cadastre), in order to determine if someone, other than the seller, has filed and completed a title petition, in order to acquire a title over the land in question.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8<strong>&#8211; Protect your Assets<\/strong>.\u00a0 Once you have found your own private haven, protect it from unknown future creditors.\u00a0 One of the best legal entities to protect and transfer assets is the Panamanian Private Interest Foundation.\u00a0 The assets belonging to these legal entities, in principle, cannot be seized or attached.\u00a0 In addition, it is easy and cost effective to transfer assets to the next generation when held by a Private Interest Foundation.\u00a0 The buyer can also put a mortgage on a property to secure loans with Banks or third parties. This encumbrance in most cases deflects the attacks from future unknown creditors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9<strong>&#8211; Insure your title from eviction risks<\/strong>.\u00a0 Several insurance companies offer title insurance and several US title insurers have established operations in Panama.\u00a0 Make sure that the insurance covers not only risks or situations that are recorded in the Public Registry but also those that are in connection with elements or facts that are not recorded in the Public Registry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rodolfo Aguilera Franceschi<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">www.visualcv.com\/raguilera<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Real Estate Lawyer<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rodolfo Aguilera<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aguilera Franceschi, S. C. \u2013 Attorneys At Law<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suite 2,\u00a0 23<sup>rd<\/sup> Floor,\u00a0 New Global Bank Tower<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">50<sup>th<\/sup> Street,\u00a0 Panama City,\u00a0 Rep.\u00a0 of\u00a0 Panama.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tels 507 340 3571\/2<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fax\u00a0 507 340 3573<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cel\u00a0 507 667 1 7596<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aguileralawfirm.com\/\">www.aguileralawfirm.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visualcv.com\/raguilera\">www.visualcv.com\/raguilera<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Under Panama Civil Law one can have control over a land parcel or property not only as a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[14,11,7,15],"class_list":["post-538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-legal-issues","tag-offshore-real-estate","tag-panama-real-estate","tag-tax-issues"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buying Real Property in Panama - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Buying Real Property in Panama\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under Panama Civil Law one can have control over a land parcel or property not only as a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog and Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Adrian Prozzo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Adrian Prozzo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Adrian Prozzo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69\"},\"headline\":\"Buying Real Property in Panama\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1526,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"legal issues\",\"offshore real estate\",\"Panama Real Estate\",\"tax issues\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/\",\"name\":\"Buying Real Property in Panama - Blog and Newsletter\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/buying-real-property-in-panama\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Buying Real Property in Panama\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\",\"description\":\"Welcome and enjoy!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png\",\"width\":199,\"height\":168,\"caption\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=100088396493750\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69\",\"name\":\"Adrian Prozzo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Adrian Prozzo\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/adrian\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Buying Real Property in Panama - Blog and Newsletter","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Buying Real Property in Panama","og_description":"Under Panama Civil Law one can have control over a land parcel or property not only as a","og_url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/","og_site_name":"Blog and Newsletter","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750","article_published_time":"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00","author":"Adrian Prozzo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Adrian Prozzo","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/"},"author":{"name":"Adrian Prozzo","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69"},"headline":"Buying Real Property in Panama","datePublished":"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00","dateModified":"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/"},"wordCount":1526,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization"},"keywords":["legal issues","offshore real estate","Panama Real Estate","tax issues"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/","name":"Buying Real Property in Panama - Blog and Newsletter","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2012-08-15T18:18:08+00:00","dateModified":"2012-08-17T19:54:42+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/buying-real-property-in-panama\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Buying Real Property in Panama"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/","name":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE","description":"Welcome and enjoy!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png","width":199,"height":168,"caption":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69","name":"Adrian Prozzo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Adrian Prozzo"},"url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/author\/adrian\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5655,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions\/5655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}