{"id":32007,"date":"2021-09-15T09:08:17","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T14:08:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=32007"},"modified":"2021-09-15T09:08:17","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T14:08:17","slug":"history-panamas-successful-enslaved-resistance-detailed-african-maroons-book","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/history-panamas-successful-enslaved-resistance-detailed-african-maroons-book\/","title":{"rendered":"History of panama\u2019s successful enslaved resistance detailed in &#8216;African Maroons&#8217; book"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-32008\" src=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/portobello-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The saga of enslaved peoples remains a complicated history. But a new book has made it even more complicated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"field field-name-field-ku-news-article field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<p>\u201cI argue that this is really the first successful example of enslaved resistance in the Americas,\u201d said Robert Schwaller, associate professor of history at the University of Kansas.<\/p>\n<p>His book titled\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oupress.com\/books\/16528372\/african-maroons-in-sixteenth-century-panama\">\u201cAfrican Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama: A History in Documents\u201d<\/a>\u00a0(University of Oklahoma Press) details how, from the 1520s through the 1580s, thousands of enslaved Africans fled captivity in Spanish Panama and formed their own communities. The self-sufficiency of these people, along with their periodic raids against Spanish settlements, incited armed conflict as Spaniards sought to conquer these communities and kill or re-enslave their populations.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/African-Maroons-Sixteenth-Century-Panama-Documents\/dp\/0806169338\/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&amp;keywords=african+maroons&amp;qid=1631714816&amp;sr=8-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/today.ku.edu\/sites\/news.ku.edu\/files\/images\/general\/2021_news\/september\/Maroons%20book.jpg\" alt=\"Book cover for &quot;African Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama&quot;\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is not the first case of resistance, but this is the first one where the enslaved people gain their freedom,\u201d he said. \u201cWhile they are subjects of the Spanish Empire, they have self-governing communities. Sometimes the Haitian Revolution gets that moniker \u2014 and certainly that\u2019s the first that leads to a completely independent nation. But here we have resistance that does lead to freedom and self-governance, which is significant.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Schwaller defines African maroon as an individual who escaped enslavement and lived outside the bounds of the colonial power. The term comes from the indigenous Taino word \u201cs\u00edmara,\u201d meaning \u201cwild, savage, gone astray.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt gets picked up to describe both people and livestock. The Spanish \u2014 especially in the Caribbean \u2014 will say when cattle or pigs go feral, they\u2019re cimarrones. Then it gets complicated by the idea of being marooned on an island, which comes into English as sailors appropriate the Spanish term to mean \u201clost or abandoned,\u2019\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>As Schwaller expounds in the book, \u201cMaroons resisted Spaniards not only by running away, raiding for supplies and defending their communities but also by forging alliances with foreigners interested in undermining Spain\u2019s claim to the mainland.\u201d In the 1570s, Francis Drake spent time among Panama\u2019s maroons.<\/p>\n<p>The story is mostly lost to history \u2014 often because so many of the enslaved people were nameless. Schwaller faced the task of translating hundreds of 16th century documents into English. His book marks the first such in the language to tackle this history.<\/p>\n<p>He believes their stories should matter to today\u2019s society because it presents yet one more window into how, even during the harshest periods of the transatlantic slave trade, individuals of African descent found ways to resist enslavement, secure their own autonomy, organize those communities and lead them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe fact we see individuals fleeing slavery who are able to hold the Spanish Empire at bay and fight them to a standstill for almost five decades \u2014 and then negotiate for their freedom and right to govern their communities \u2014 that should be a testament to the resilience of people who suffered the dislocations of the slave trade and the inhumanity of enslavement,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>A KU faculty member since 2011, Schwaller became interested in this topic when exploring a comparative study of African and Indigenous encounters in early Spanish America. This built upon the research of his first book, \u201cG\u00e9neros de Gente in Early Colonial Mexico: Defining Racial Difference\u201d\u00a0(University of Oklahoma Press, 2016), which looked at the creation of racial categories in Mexico.<\/p>\n<p>A KU International Programs research award allowed him to travel to Panama to document the places occupied by enslaved peoples.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI wanted to be able to go to cities like Portobelo and actually view the landscape in a way I can\u2019t from just reading these documents,\u201d he said. \u201cI wanted to see these river valleys and mountains in the country to get a sense of what the Spanish are talking about when they\u2019re tromping through these gorges in the rainy season. What does that look like?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Schwaller said he hoped \u201cAfrican Maroons\u201d provides a useful volume for comprehending the history of the African diaspora from a much earlier date.<\/p>\n<p>He said, \u201cThere are very few documentary readers that go back this far. Even if you don\u2019t have a great understanding of this rich, complicated history, you will absorb a lot of the context.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As he wrote, \u201cAlthough largely unknown, the impact of Panama\u2019s maroons and their successful struggle against slavery was echoed in the lives of enslaved Africans in the Americas for centuries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Top photo:\u00a0<\/strong>The bay of Portobelo, from the viewpoint of the 17th century Spanish fort (built by enslaved Africans) that looks upon hills housing the likely site of Santaigo del Pr\u00edncipe, was the first community established by former maroons after their peace with the Spanish. Photo by Robert Schwaller.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"news-article-footer\">\n<p>The University of Kansas is a major comprehensive research and teaching university. The university&#8217;s mission is to lift students and society by educating leaders, building healthy communities and making discoveries that change the world. The KU News Service is the central public relations office for the Lawrence campus.<\/p>\n<p>Get Vaccinated and stay safe!!<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" lang=\"\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"16536\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32007#wpcf7-f16536-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"16536\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.6\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><B><I>Sign Up for our Newsletter:<\/i><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>Your Name (required)\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>Your Email (required)\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The saga of enslaved peoples remains a complicated history. But a new book has made it even more<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[242,12,241,39,248,34,33,62,42,219,11,249,243,7,246,244,262,281],"class_list":["post-32007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-articles-panama-perpsective","tag-boca-chica-real-estate","tag-boquete","tag-boquete-real-estate","tag-buenaventura","tag-casco","tag-casco-antiguo","tag-casco-viejo","tag-coffee-in-panama","tag-estate-homes-in-panama","tag-move-to-panama","tag-offshore-real-estate","tag-panama-offshore-real-estate","tag-panama-papers","tag-panama-real-estate","tag-relocate-to-panama","tag-rum-in-panama","tag-safety-in-panama-panama-real-estate-bocas-del-toro","tag-travel-to-panama-rent-in-boquete-expat-tourism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History of panama\u2019s successful enslaved resistance detailed in &#039;African Maroons&#039; book - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/history-panamas-successful-enslaved-resistance-detailed-african-maroons-book\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of panama\u2019s successful enslaved resistance detailed in &#039;African Maroons&#039; book\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The saga of enslaved peoples remains a complicated history. 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