{"id":31663,"date":"2021-07-05T15:12:53","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T20:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=31663"},"modified":"2021-07-05T15:12:53","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T20:12:53","slug":"chinas-trade-latin-america-bound-keep-growing-heres-matters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/chinas-trade-latin-america-bound-keep-growing-heres-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s trade with Latin America is bound to keep growing. Here\u2019s why that matters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/China.jpg?resize=450%2C280&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Thanks to my friend Geoffrey McRae for publishing this great article.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>China\u2019s trade with Latin America and the Caribbean grew 26-fold between 2000 and 2020. LAC-China trade is expected to more than double by 2035, to more than $700 billion.<\/li>\n<li>The US and other traditional markets tend to lose participation in LAC total exports over the next 15 years. It may be increasingly challenging for LAC to further develop its value chains and benefit from the regional market.<\/li>\n<li>Scenario-planning and new policies could help stakeholders prepare for changing circumstances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The rise of China as a trade powerhouse has had profound implications for global commerce over the last 20 years, with key economic sectors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) among the biggest beneficiaries. Between 2000 and 2020, China-LAC trade grew 26-fold from $12 billion to $315 billion.<\/p>\n<p>In the 2000s, Chinese demand drove a commodity supercycle in Latin America, helping dampen the regional spillovers of the 2008 global financial crisis. A decade later, trade with China remained resilient despite the pandemic, providing an important source of external growth for a pandemic-stricken LAC, which accounts for 30% of global COVID mortality and experienced a 7.4% GDP contraction in 2020. In a region with historically strong trade relations with the United States and Europe, China\u2019s growing economic presence has implications for prosperity and geopolitics in LAC and beyond.<\/p>\n<p>This impressive trajectory of China-LAC trade over the past 20 years also raises important questions for the next two decades: What can we expect from this trade relationship? What emerging trends might affect these trade flows and how might they play out regionally and globally? Building upon our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.proofpoint.com\/v2\/url?u=https-3A__www.atlanticcouncil.org_in-2Ddepth-2Dresearch-2Dreports_china-2Dlac-2Dtrade-2Dfour-2Dscenarios-2Din-2D2035_&amp;d=DwMFaQ&amp;c=VWART3hH1Kkv_uOe9JqhCg&amp;r=Y1_JE1uC9byzyaEJk2InOhV2GFnscs4gAFQryjFB144&amp;m=9GYlzak9aqDu5LxTQ2xNWkKaNxR80FtOVnbWkB24hgk&amp;s=wKvbflAgZlV09pLDBxLeaCNZM3jmpfvmEDEbEoikrVk&amp;e=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent trade scenarios report<\/a>, here are three key insights for LAC stakeholders. These findings are also relevant for China\u2019s and LAC\u2019s other main trade partners, including the United States.*<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-do-we-expect-to-see\">What do we expect to see?<\/h2>\n<p>On the current trajectory, LAC-China trade is expected to exceed $700 billion by 2035, more than twice as much as in 2020. China will approach\u2014and could even surpass\u2014the US as LAC\u2019s top trading partner. In 2000, Chinese participation accounted for less than 2% of LAC\u2019s total trade. In 2035, it could reach 25%.<\/p>\n<p>Aggregate numbers, however, conceal great discrepancies within a diverse region. For Mexico, traditionally dependent on trade with the US, our base case estimates that China\u2019s participation could reach around 15% of the country\u2019s Mexico\u2019s trade flows. On the other hand, Brazil, Chile, and Peru could have more than 40% of their exports destined for China.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, a healthy relationship with both of its two largest commercial partners would be in LAC\u2019s best interests. While the United States may see reduced participation in LAC trade relative to China, hemispheric relations \u2014especially those involving deep supply-chain integration\u2014 are an important driver of manufacturing exports, investment and value-added growth for the region.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-would-china-further-gain-ground-in-lac-trade\">How would China further gain ground in LAC trade?<\/h2>\n<p>Althoughtrade is bound to grow in both directions, the dynamism will more likely come from LAC imports from China\u2014 rather than LAC exports to China.<\/p>\n<p>On the LAC import side, we foresee China becoming even more competitive in manufactured exports, because of the adoption of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies including 5G and artificial intelligence. Overall, productivity gains from innovation and other sources will likely outweigh the effects of a shrinking workforce, sustaining the competitiveness of Chinese exports.<\/p>\n<div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\">\n<p>On the LAC export side, an important sectoral shift could be underway. LAC\u2019s agricultural exports to China are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/urldefense.proofpoint.com\/v2\/url?u=https-3A__www1.folha.uol.com.br_colunas_tatiana-2Dprazeres_2021_05_discurso-2Dsobre-2Dsuperpoderes-2Ddo-2Dagro-2De-2Dapetite-2Dinfinito-2Dda-2Dchina-2Dpodem-2Diludir.shtml&amp;d=DwMFaQ&amp;c=VWART3hH1Kkv_uOe9JqhCg&amp;r=Y1_JE1uC9byzyaEJk2InOhV2GFnscs4gAFQryjFB144&amp;m=9GYlzak9aqDu5LxTQ2xNWkKaNxR80FtOVnbWkB24hgk&amp;s=_qZPZwOMyRWwVy0-hDOkwu9ZDFdGU5thMcDuKfKBvFI&amp;e=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unlikely to continue\u00a0<\/a>at the bonanza pace of present times. To be sure, the region will remain competitive in agriculture. But markets other than China, such as Africa, would contribute to higher export earnings. This highlights the importance for LAC countries of exploring new destination markets, as well as diversifying their exports to China itself.<\/p>\n<p>On balance, import growth is likely to outpace export growth, causing a higher trade deficit for LAC vis-\u00e0-vis China, albeit with considerable subregional differences. While a very small number of LAC countries are expected to retain their surpluses with China, the broader picture points to greater trade deficits for the region. In addition, complementary, non-trade policies will be vital to determining the extent and the secondary effects of these trade deficits in each country, from labour markets to foreign policy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66223 lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=593%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=593%2C428&amp;ssl=1 593w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=300%2C217&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=277%2C200&amp;ssl=1 277w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=768%2C554&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?resize=30%2C22&amp;ssl=1 30w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.05.21.png?w=1502&amp;ssl=1 1502w\" alt=\"\" width=\"593\" height=\"428\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"what-to-expect-for-intra-lac-trade-in-2035\">What to expect for intra-LAC trade in 2035?<\/h2>\n<p>As the pandemic disrupted global supply chains, calls from LAC for reshoring or nearshoring and for greater regional integration have again come to the fore. However, assuming a continuation of existing trends,the future does not look promising for intra-LAC trade.While in other parts of the world, particularly Asia, intraregional trade has expanded faster than global trade in recent years, the same dynamism has not been seen in LAC.<\/p>\n<p>In the absence of a major new impetus for regional integration, significant reduction of intra-LAC trade costs or major productivity gains, LAC could remain unable to further develop its value chains and benefit from the regional market. In fact, our projections show that over the next 15 years, intra-LAC trade could account for less than 15% of the region\u2019s total trade, down for a 20% peak before 2010.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66227 lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=593%2C417&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=593%2C417&amp;ssl=1 593w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=300%2C211&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=284%2C200&amp;ssl=1 284w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=768%2C540&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?resize=30%2C21&amp;ssl=1 30w, https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.gatewaytosouthamerica-newsblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-29-at-19.07.35.png?w=1510&amp;ssl=1 1510w\" alt=\"\" width=\"593\" height=\"417\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"looking-back-from-the-future-what-to-do-today\">Looking back from the future: What to do today?<\/h2>\n<p>Over the next twenty years, China will become an increasingly important determinant of LAC\u2019s economic outlook. LAC\u2019s trade tends to turn even more China-oriented \u2013 affecting other trade partners and intra-regional trade itself. We recommend:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scenario Planning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Building scenarios is not about predicting the future, but it helps stakeholders prepare for different possibilities. Planning for changing circumstances is particularly urgent when there is likely to be turbulence ahead: For example, LAC countries and companies that might be affected by potential changes in the composition of LAC exports to China. The challenge of making export sectors more competitive in the Chinese market just became more apparent for LAC. The same is true regarding the need to develop new, alternative markets for traditional LAC exports, such as agriculture and, increasingly, materials.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Productivity and Competitiveness<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LAC stakeholders\u2014and policy-makers and businesses in particular \u2014should be clear-eyed about the trade implications of low productivity affecting the manufacturing sector. Without tackling issues undermining industrial competitiveness in the region, LAC exports to the US, to the region itself and other traditional markets will continue to suffer. At the same time, stakeholders in the US would do well to take measures to reinvigorate hemispherical trade, if retaining US participation in LAC trade is considered an objective worth pursuing.<\/p>\n<p>Source:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/authors\/pepe-zhang\">Pepe Zhang<\/a>,\u00a0Associate Director, Atlantic Council\u2019s Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/authors\/tatiana-lacerda-prazeres\">Tatiana Lacerda Prazeres<\/a>,\u00a0Senior Fellow, University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, and Former Foreign Trade Secretary of Brazil<br \/>\nGet Vaccinated and stay safe!!<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" lang=\"\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"16536\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31663#wpcf7-f16536-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"16536\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.6\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><B><I>Sign Up for our Newsletter:<\/i><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p>Your Name (required)\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-name\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>Your Email (required)\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"google-auto-placed ap_container\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thanks to my friend Geoffrey McRae for publishing this great article. 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