{"id":22310,"date":"2018-02-12T14:56:32","date_gmt":"2018-02-12T19:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=22310"},"modified":"2018-02-12T14:56:32","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T19:56:32","slug":"whale-tale-protecting-panamas-humpbacks-ship-collisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/whale-tale-protecting-panamas-humpbacks-ship-collisions\/","title":{"rendered":"Whale of a tale: Protecting Panama\u2019s humpbacks from ship collisions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/hump.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-22312\" src=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/hump.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/hump.jpg 771w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/hump-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/hump-768x437.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is a great story written by Andrew Wight on Mongabay about the plight of humpbacks here in Panama.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bulletpoints\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>The key to alleviating whale strikes in the Panama Canal ended up being inspired by a solution used on land \u2014 and led to a years-long struggle for a Panama Canal pilot and a whale biologist to help reduce whale strikes in the Gulf of Panama, one of the world\u2019s busiest shipping lanes.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Similar to how roads are now sometimes built to curve around the natural habitats of land creatures, Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) create shipping lanes that restrict marine traffic to certain areas.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>But in order to get all shipping to abide by this system, countries need the approval of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN body that regulates shipping safety and navigation around the world.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Areas rich in wildlife and human vehicle traffic rarely make for good news \u2014 think of the number of rare and endangered species <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/roadkill-endangers-endangered-wildlife\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">killed on highways<\/a> every year. But when it comes to protecting whales and other cetaceans from being struck by ships, the problem gets even more difficult \u2014 how do you watch out for a creature underneath the waves?<\/p>\n<p>The key to alleviating this problem ended up being inspired by a solution used on land \u2014 and led to a years-long struggle for a Panama Canal pilot and a whale biologist to help reduce whale strikes in the Gulf of Panama, one of the world\u2019s busiest shipping lanes.<\/p>\n<p>Similar to how roads are now sometimes built to curve around the natural habitats of land creatures, Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) create shipping lanes that restrict marine traffic to certain areas. But in order to get all shipping to abide by this system, countries need the approval of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN body that regulates shipping safety and navigation around the world.<\/p>\n<h2>Rocky Start<\/h2>\n<p>Captain Fernando Jaen tells Mongabay of the early challenges: \u201cDue to my experience as a deck officer at sea in the 1990\u2019s, I proposed six [TSS] in the Panamanian waters around the Canal in 2001,\u201d he said. \u201cThe proposal was endorsed by both the Panama Maritime Authority (AMP) and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP), but ultimately was not sent to the IMO for approval.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To make for a stronger proposal, Captain Jaen needed to gauge reactions from government agencies, shipping companies, and others, as well as marine scientists.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn 2011, I was connected with Dr. Hector Guzman from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), who studied whales in the Gulf of Panama in 2009,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>During this study, Dr Guzman and his team used satellite tracking to follow over a dozen whales around the tepid, nutrient-rich waters of the Gulf of Panama and then overlaid those tracks with that of the hundreds of ships that carried <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pancanal.com\/eng\/op\/transit-stats\/2017\/Table01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">more than 245 million metric tons of cargo<\/a> through Panamanian waters in 2017.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_203611\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-203611 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/02\/08105842\/whalesmap1.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"443\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Traffic Separation Scheme in the Gulf of Panama. Credit: IMO.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Speed Kills<\/h2>\n<p>In a <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2012.00605.x\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">paper published in 2012<\/a>, Dr. Guzman and his team explained that collisions between whales and ships at speeds below 10 knots (11.5 mph) don\u2019t usually cause injuries. However, given that tanker and cargo ships in the Gulf of Panama usually maintain speeds of 15 to 17 knots, this causes a large, but unknown, number of casualties and deaths among the whale population.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven if a whale is struck by a vessel, the currents could take it off shore,\u201d Guzman told Mongabay, \u201cso it\u2019s almost impossible to know exactly how many whales are being killed or injured.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study found that whales came within 200 meters (218 yards) of ships nearly 100 times in the 11-day study period.<\/p>\n<p>These waters are home to a wide variety of whales, but are a particular favorite haunt for hundreds of migratory Humpback whales from the southern hemisphere, who stop there to mate and feed. The shipping lanes on the Pacific side of the canal touch on eleven sensitive ecosystems, including the Special Coastal-Marine Management Zone of Las Perlas Archipelago, Isla Iguana, and the Coiba National Park World Heritage site.<\/p>\n<h2>Off to London<\/h2>\n<p>Armed with this whale biology, the team from the Smithsonian and Captain Jaen went to gather input and support from a wide range of industry and government bodies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAfter two years refining the proposal, with support from CMP and AMP [and] following several meetings with government agencies, shipping companies, and others, Dr. Guzman and I joined the Panamanian delegation that went to London to participate in the IMO\u2019s Navigation subcommittee meeting,\u201d Captain Jaen said.<\/p>\n<p>This is not the first time that the Canal Authority and the STRI have worked together. They also cooperated on the <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2011\/09\/panama-canal-drives-forest-conservation-offers-insight-on-value-of-ecosystems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Agua Salud Project<\/a>, a joint effort to \u201cunderstand and quantify\u201d the ecological, social, and economic services provided by forests in the watershed of the Panama Canal.<\/p>\n<p>The final proposal was a 65-nautical-mile Traffic Separation Scheme and a 10-knot maximum speed for vessels routed through the Gulf of Panama. The hope was that the area for potential whale-vessel collisions could be reduced by 93 percent. The proposal was approved on May 23, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe TSS in the Gulf of Panama [now] has a seasonal speed restriction to protect the whales from August to November,\u201d Captain Jaen said.<\/p>\n<p>International shipping charts were updated and the routings were mandatory from December 2014. According to Guzman, compliance has been 100 percent in the years since\u00a0\u2014 but even if a whale is struck by a vessel, the currents could take it out to sea, making exact record-keeping very difficult.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll the ships that transit the Panama Canal use the TSS, so my involvement, as a Canal employee and Port Captain, was to ensure that the TSS do not have a negative impact on our clients, while bringing about traffic organizations and increasing safe navigation \u2014 reducing the risk of collisions, groundings and other problems,\u201d Captain Jaen said. \u201cTSS improve safety and reduce the risk of oil pollution, and at the same time protect the whales.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_203609\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-203609 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2018\/02\/08105828\/2880px-Humpback_stellwagen_768px.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"435\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A humpback whale breaching. Photo via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humpback_whale#\/media\/File:Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">CC BY 3.0<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>First Panama, now the world<\/h2>\n<p>Guzman is now using his whale biology studies and the lessons learned from the Panama project to help create similar schemes all along the Pacific coast.<\/p>\n<p>An IMO spokesperson said an international area to be avoided (ATBA) off the Peninsula de Osa, which lies on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, was implemented on January 1 of this year. Costa Rica\u2019s first TSS is expected to be submitted to the IMO for approval soon.<\/p>\n<p>Farther up the coast, other measures have been implemented: In November 2012, IMO adopted amendments to TSSs off the west coast of the United States to decrease the likelihood of commercial vessels coming into close contact with endangered blue, fin, and humpback whales off San Francisco and to reduce the likelihood of ship strike deaths and serious injuries to blue whales and other whales in the Santa Barbara Channel and in the approaches to the major port of Los Angeles.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTo get something like this done, you need to talk to everyone: The navy, the coastguard, the fisherman and governments \u2014 everyone,\u201d Guzman said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CITATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Guzman, H. M., Gomez, C. G., Guevara, C. A., &amp; Kleivane, L. (2013). Potential vessel collisions with Southern Hemisphere humpback whales wintering off Pacific Panama. Marine Mammal Science, 29(4), 629-642. <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2012.00605.x\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">doi:10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2012.00605<\/a><br \/>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" lang=\"\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"16536\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22310#wpcf7-f16536-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"16536\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.6\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f16536-o1\" \/><input 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