{"id":20364,"date":"2017-06-28T15:22:07","date_gmt":"2017-06-28T20:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=20364"},"modified":"2017-06-28T15:22:07","modified_gmt":"2017-06-28T20:22:07","slug":"panama-ranching-industry-moved-darien-national-park","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/panama-ranching-industry-moved-darien-national-park\/","title":{"rendered":"Panama: the ranching industry has moved into Dari\u00e9n National Park"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-20365\" src=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos.jpg 1067w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/david-ramos-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I do not know how Panama puts up with this.<\/p>\n<p class=\"tagline\">Jose Arcia at Mongabay reports that residents, authorities and experts report that the ranching industry has become a threat to the protected area. According to the most recent official data, the number of head of cattle in Dari\u00e9n Province has doubled.<\/p>\n<p class=\"tagline\">\n<div class=\"layout-wrap boxed\">\n<div class=\"bomb-wrap light show-sticky clearfix\">\n<div id=\"sb-site\">\n<div class=\"main-wrap clearfix\">\n<div class=\"row main-wrap-row clearfix\">\n<div id=\"post-196814\" class=\"single-post post-196814 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry topic-cattle-ranching topic-deforestation topic-environment topic-forests topic-protected-areas location-central-america location-panama serial-central-american-cattle-ranching byline-jose-arcia\">\n<div class=\"single-content block-page\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<div class=\"mogbullets\">\n<ul>\n<li>Dari\u00e9n is known as the \u201cforgotten province\u201d in Panama. There is very little presence of government institutions in the province, which borders Colombia.<\/li>\n<li>Conservationists, as well as Panama\u2019s Ministry of the Environment, are especially concerned about Dari\u00e9n National Park in light of the fact that the ranching industry has expanded to some parts of the park, such as Punta Garachin\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>One cause of the expansion is related to settlement by small farmers who convert the land into pastures in order to later sell them to landowners.<\/li>\n<li>The Ministry of the Environment has drafted a bill that proposes the creation of forestry incentives to promote conservation. The legislative initiative establishes a fund of 15 million dollars annually to incentivize the development of conservation or recuperation projects for damaged areas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"layout-wrap boxed\">\n<div class=\"bomb-wrap light show-sticky clearfix\">\n<div id=\"sb-site\">\n<div class=\"main-wrap clearfix\">\n<div class=\"row main-wrap-row clearfix\">\n<div id=\"post-196814\" class=\"single-post post-196814 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry topic-cattle-ranching topic-deforestation topic-environment topic-forests topic-protected-areas location-central-america location-panama serial-central-american-cattle-ranching byline-jose-arcia\">\n<div class=\"single-content block-page\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<article class=\"entry-content-text\">David Ramos\u2019 ranch is in the community of Salodio, in Dari\u00e9n Province, in the eastern part of Panama.\u00a0 From there, one can observe Dari\u00e9n National Park, a natural reserve that has been declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).<\/p>\n<p>A one-lane cobblestone street, originating in Garachin\u00e9, brings you towards Ramos\u2019 ranch.\u00a0 Garachin\u00e9, a town bordering the Pacific Ocean, can only be accessed via boat or air travel.\u00a0 It is a town of fishers and ranchers, and some of them have ranches that share a border with the protected area.<\/p>\n<p>The drive from Garachin\u00e9 to Salodio takes about 40 minutes. It\u2019s a repetitive trip; both sides of the road are filled with endless pastures. Some of the pastures are filled with cattle, and others are just improved pasture or weeds that have evolved in relation to the use of genetically modified seeds.<\/p>\n<p>Ramos, who is almost 70 years old, came to Dari\u00e9n 30 years ago from Veraguas, in central Panama, where he had five hectares of land and nine children to support. Thirty years ago, the country was governed by a military dictatorship; since then, large landowners have begun to take control of the country, with the exception of Dari\u00e9n. \u201cThere was no longer any land to work with,\u201d remembers Ramos.\u00a0 In 1987, he decided to move to Dari\u00e9n Province. He now owns 219 hectares and 130 cattle.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"layout-wrap boxed\">\n<div class=\"bomb-wrap light show-sticky clearfix\">\n<div id=\"sb-site\">\n<div class=\"main-wrap clearfix\">\n<div class=\"row main-wrap-row clearfix\">\n<div id=\"post-196814\" class=\"single-post post-196814 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry topic-cattle-ranching topic-deforestation topic-environment topic-forests topic-protected-areas location-central-america location-panama serial-central-american-cattle-ranching byline-jose-arcia\">\n<div class=\"single-content block-page\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<article class=\"entry-content-text\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_196815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091054\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196815\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091054\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-1-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>David Ramos is one of the small ranchers of the community of Salodio, in Garachin\u00e9.\u00a0 Dari\u00e9n National Park can be seen from his ranch.\u00a0 Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cI needed land that I could farm in order to feed my children, because in Veraguas, there wasn\u2019t any,\u201d he says.\u00a0 Dari\u00e9n has become the destination for small farmers who haven\u2019t been able to find enough land to farm in central Panama.\u00a0 Ramos started with 19 hectares, which were cultivated and later converted into pastures for cattle. Over time, he acquired more land until he eventually reached the 219 hectares that he currently owns, 40 of which are still forested. Ramos says that, at the moment, he hasn\u2019t thought about converting those 40 hectares into pastures, but he also doesn\u2019t guarantee that the forest will not be cut down in the future.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMy ranch doesn\u2019t affect [Dari\u00e9n National Park] because it\u2019s far away,\u201d he says. Ramos\u2019 land borders other ranches that, in turn, are inside the protected area\u2019s buffer zone.<\/p>\n<p>However, the small farmer recognizes that in recent years, deforestation in the agricultural area has increased \u2014and that ranching has moved into Dari\u00e9n National Park.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196819\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091205\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196819\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091205\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-9-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A ranch in the community of Salodio, Garachin\u00e9, with Dari\u00e9n National Park in the background.\u00a0 Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>The ranching industry in numbers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dari\u00e9n is known as the \u201cforgotten province\u201d in Panama. There is very little presence of government institutions in the province, which also borders Colombia. This longstanding absence has allowed the hoarding of wooded areas and their subsequent devastation. With time, protected areas like Cangl\u00f3n and Filo del Tallo \u2014which form part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, which also includes Dari\u00e9n National Park\u2014 were converted into pastures.<\/p>\n<p>Conservationists, as well as Panama\u2019s Ministry of the Environment, are especially concerned about Dari\u00e9n National Park in light of the fact that the ranching industry has expanded to some parts of the park, such as Punta Garachin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196824\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091331\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-16.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196824\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091331\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-16-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>An aerial view of Punta Garachin\u00e9, one of the areas of Dari\u00e9n National Park affected by the devastation caused by ranching.\u00a0 Photo by L\u00edder Sucre.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Historically, the majority of ranching development in Panama has been in the western central region.\u00a0 Until 2000, the primary sector, which includes agricultural activity, was one of the most important sectors in Panama; small farmers have been displaced by large landowners. In Dari\u00e9n Province, many small farmers, like Ramos, saw an opportunity to obtain land for agricultural development as well as ranching. Because of this, Dari\u00e9n has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of cattle in the last few decades.<\/p>\n<p>The latest figures from the Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama, the organization responsible for processing the country\u2019s statistics, date back to 2011. That year, the number of head of cattle more than doubled in Dari\u00e9n Province, reaching 184,000. This represents a 118.6 percent increase compared to the figure from 10 years prior (2001), when there were only around 84,000 cattle. In other words, during this period, the number of cattle in Dari\u00e9n Province increased by over 100,000, demonstrating the largest increase in ranching activity in the country. Meanwhile, in the central provinces of Los Santos and Herrera, ranching activity diminished. Historically, these provinces had some of the highest numbers of ranches in the country.\u00a0 In fact, those native to the region were known as the \u201cgreat devastators of the country.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091130\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196817\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091130\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-4-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A cloud of smoke near Dari\u00e9n National Park. The farmers from the communities bordering the protected area use slash-and-burn agriculture, and later convert the land into pastures. Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cAbout 15 years ago, the ranching industry began to develop extensively in Dari\u00e9n. Before, families had small parcels and a few cattle,\u201d remarked Rogelio Sambrano, president of the Alliance for a Better Dari\u00e9n (AMEDAR).<\/p>\n<p>Government entities don\u2019t have data about the number of hectares that have been converted to pastures. However, experts believe that the number of hectares is large compared to the number of cattle. The government has begun to look for an alternative to the expansion of ranching in the region.<\/p>\n<p>The number of hectares that Ramos has compared to the number of cattle brings us close to this reality.\u00a0 If his 40 forested hectares are subtracted from his total of 219 , Ramos has 179 hectares of pasture. This means that he has about 1.4 cattle per hectare, taking into account that he owns 130 cattle in all.<\/p>\n<p>For the ranchers of the area, there is nothing sinful about maintaining that enormous difference between the number of hectares of pastures versus the number of heads of cattle. However, for conservationists, it represents a danger for Dari\u00e9n National Park. \u201cThe farmers make pastures to rent out because they know that that means economic income,\u201d says Sambrano.<\/p>\n<p>Part of the cause of the expansion of the ranching industry is related to the settlement of the land by small farmers, who convert the land into pastures in order to later sell them to landowners. Manuel Z\u00e1rate is an environmental hydraulic engineer and social activist who has analyzed the agricultural history of the country. He explains that this phenomenon has caused the devastation of forested areas and, specifically in Dari\u00e9n, the penetration of the protected area.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196818\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091147\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196818\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091147\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-7-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Land settlement by small farmers is the starting point for deforestation in Dari\u00e9n Province.\u00a0 Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The government recognizes possessory rights \u2014that is, the farmers work the land and have the right to the use of that land, which the landowners take advantage of because they stop buying those possessory rights, which are later turned into property rights. This way, the farmer leads the way cutting down the forest while the big ranchers are accumulating the land. That vicious cycle of colonization has caused ranchers to move on into Dari\u00e9n National Park, says Z\u00e1rate.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the end it\u2019s a process of landowner settlement because the farmers only have the possessory right, but the big [landowners] acquire the property rights,\u201d he claims.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, it has sometimes been the case that small farmers convert the land into pastures in order to rent them out to large ranchers and later stop selling them, and the deforestation continues. \u00a0This is a reality that is accepted by the Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Environment, F\u00e9lix Wing.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt has been a historic practice in the country, and in the specific case of Dari\u00e9n, it\u2019s worse because this ancestral practice has damaged the park,\u201d said the official.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What needs to be done in Dari\u00e9n Province?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Environmentalists worry even more because those native to the Ember\u00e1 Wounaan region, which borders Dari\u00e9n National Park, have also begun to take up ranching, claims L\u00edder Sucre, an environmental activist who has traveled throughout the protected area.<\/p>\n<p>The Comptroller General\u2019s statistics reaffirm the fears of conservationists. The natives\u2014to whom property rights do not apply, but rather the principle of collective land\u2014went from owning 637 cattle in 2001 to owning 1,369 in 2011. This is an increase of 114.9 percent, according to the state.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe natives have gotten into ranching\u2014not on a large scale, but they are doing it,\u201d says Didier Mart\u00ednez, a rancher native to Garachin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091257\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196822\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091257\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-14-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Didier Mart\u00ednez is a rancher from Garachin\u00e9. He says that his ranch is distant from the protected area, but he recognizes that the ranching industry\u2019s growth puts the area at risk. Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wing recognizes that because the ranching industry has been able to expand into the protected area, it is one of the factors that has had the greatest effect on Dari\u00e9n National Park. This \u201cwas the fault\u201d of past administrations, especially between 2009 and 2014, when former entrepreneur Ricardo Martinelli was president.<\/p>\n<p>Wing added that Dari\u00e9n National Park has not had enough forest rangers to supervise the entire forest reserve. Additionally, there isn\u2019t enough communication equipment throughout the entire park, nor is there an appropriate uniform.<\/p>\n<p>When Panama\u2019s current president, Juan Carlos Varela, took office in July 2014, there were 190 forest rangers who covered all of Panama\u2019s protected areas. In the almost three years since then, that number has increased to 255. Twenty-three of them are in Dari\u00e9n National Park, which covers 575,000 hectares. While the Ministry of the Environment could not specify exactly how many forest rangers controlled the protected area up until July 2014, Wing points out that the number \u201chad been reduced to its very lowest.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s evident, he added, that because of the lack of presence of forest rangers, people have taken advantage of the protected area. \u201cNot all farmers have the conscience to protect the park,\u201d concluded Ramos.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196825\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091349\/MIAMBIENTE-DARIEN-12.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-196825\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091349\/MIAMBIENTE-DARIEN-12.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Dari\u00e9n National Park extends over 579,000 hectares. Photo courtesy of the Panama\u2019s Ministry of the Environment<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Ministry of the Environment was created during the current administration, replacing the National Authority of the Environment (ANAM), an organization that was affiliated with the Ministry of the Economy and Finance.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe know that ANAM lost its strength during the previous administration and this allowed the devastation of protected areas not only in Dari\u00e9n, but also in other parts of the country,\u201d said Wing. Before his position in the Ministry of the Environment, he was a lawyer with ties to environmental groups.<\/p>\n<p>Wing also mentioned structural problems that have allowed for the expansion of ranching, to the detriment of the forests. \u201cThe transformation of forests into agricultural land for ranching guarantees that big and small farmers will have access to loans from [the National Bank of Panama and the Bank of Agricultural Development],\u201d says Wing.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091112\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196816\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091112\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-3-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Only when forested areas are turned into pastures do they become valuable for financial institutions.\u00a0 Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This problem came to light during the consultations that the Ministry of the Environment has held for Dari\u00e9n\u2019s management plan. The problem is rooted in the fact that the banks don\u2019t recognize the value of forests when they\u2019re giving out loans to agriculturalists and ranchers, Wing says. He stresses that funding the agricultural sector is conditioned to the production of land, whether it be for cultivating agricultural products or for ranching.<\/p>\n<p>Bank managers, added Wing, claim that the \u201cdeformation\u201d [referring to the structural\u00a0problems of the banking system that allowed cattle expansion] is in the system in order to award loans, because in the bank\u2019s process of evaluating land for a loan, forests barely have any value. \u201cThe problem is that forests don\u2019t guarantee the return of the loan,\u201d says Wing.<\/p>\n<p>The old Agricultural Code of the country even considered forests to be idle or uncultivated land, added Wing amusedly.<\/p>\n<p>Banks generally assume that the only lands that do guarantee value are those that have been transformed. By this perspective, forests just don\u2019t have that value to assure the return of the loan, explains Z\u00e1rate, the environmental engineer and agricultural expert. \u201cA farmer with possessory rights [to the land] has more opportunity to agree to a financing than someone who owns land covered in forest, because the land is going to produce more,\u201d added Z\u00e1rate.<\/p>\n<p>This is the type of practice that conservationists and the Ministry of the Environment want to put the brakes on in order to guarantee that the ranching industry doesn\u2019t keep encroaching on protected areas like Dari\u00e9n National Park\u2014especially Punta Garachin\u00e9. This is the home of the last dry forest relict in the protected area, which is the most important in the country. Punta Garachin\u00e9 is an entrance to the park via the ocean. According to environmentalist L\u00edder Sucre, it\u2019s where the reserve\u2019s protection efforts should be focused because there, the tropical dry forest ecosystem and the coastal marine ecosystem mix together.<\/p>\n<p>The ranching industry has reached this area. Evaristo Lay is one of two general medical doctors who works at Garachin\u00e9 Health Center, and is native to the province. In 1976\u2014after having studied medicine in Mexico\u2014he acquired 150 hectares of land to develop a ranch. Four years later in 1980, Dari\u00e9n National Park was established; according to UNESCO, it is the largest protected area in Panama as well as the most valuable in Central America.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196821\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091240\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-13.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196821\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091240\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-13-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Evaristo Lay is one of two doctors at Garachin\u00e9 Health Center.\u00a0 Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The international organization describes the protected area of Dari\u00e9n National Park as a \u201cproperty with an exceptional variety of ecosystems and habitats\u2014coastal, lowland, and mountainous.\u201d The protected area also includes a beach, located on Punta Garachin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Lay\u2019s ranch reaches the beach; however, he claims that he has only been able to take advantage of half of his ranch (about 77 hectares) given that the other half of the property is situated within the national park.<\/p>\n<p>Lay claims that he respects the protected area, but he also regrets that he hasn\u2019t been able to use the rest of his land. Because his land borders Punta Garachin\u00e9\u2019s beach, he not only wanted to develop his ranch, but also inspire a project to promote tourism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The auction and the proposal to incentivize the forests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mart\u00ednez, one of Garachin\u00e9\u2019s other ranchers, recognizes that the ranching industry is developing in all the communities that border the national park. He focuses on the community of Cerro Naipe, where he claims that 80 percent of inhabitants are ranchers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196820\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091222\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-12.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196820\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091222\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-12-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A farmer\u2019s home in a weakening area of Dari\u00e9n National Park. Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mart\u00ednez owns 21 hectares and 30 cattle, but he claims that his ranch doesn\u2019t affect the park because it\u2019s far away. He explains that in the past few years, meat consumption has increased because Garachin\u00e9\u2019s population has gotten bigger. Ranchers have a secure market for putting their cattle up for sale, compared to previous decades.<\/p>\n<p>He is referring to the cattle auction that takes place in Metet\u00ed, an area that has been converted into the \u201ceconomic capital\u201d of Dari\u00e9n because of the urban growth of the past few years. From Metet\u00ed, Garachin\u00e9 can only be reached by boat. Ranchers who take their cattle to the auction come together in order to defray the cost of the trip. In Mart\u00ednez\u2019s opinion, there are about 70 ranchers in Garachin\u00e9 \u2014which is a small village in Chepigana District\u2014and, as a group, the ranchers sacrifice up to three cattle each week for the local market in Garachin\u00e9. The price of cattle at the auction varies depending on the type of animal: bulls sell for up to $2.20 per pound, cows sell for up to $1.90 per pound and calves sell for up to $2.80 per pound. The price for the consumer can exceed four dollars per pound.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur best market is the cattle auction in Metet\u00ed. Lots of ranchers come together in order to move the cattle in a barge that can fit up to 100 cattle,\u201d says Mart\u00ednez. The boat ride goes up to Puerto Quimba, at which point the people spread out to different water routes in order to get to the islands or other communities in Dari\u00e9n Province that aren\u2019t accessible via land. Puerto Quimba is half an hour away from Metet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sucre, the environmental activist, expressed his concern about Punta Garachin\u00e9 upon considering the fact that \u201cit plays a fundamental role in the ecological balance of the entire park.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dry forests, like those in Punta Garachin\u00e9, have the distinctive feature of being areas filled with food for predatory animals, like the puma. Also, they have ecosystems that are rich in plant life, with some species yet to be discovered.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf the forested area of [Punta Garachin\u00e9] were in another part of the country, it wouldn\u2019t have the same ecological value because it wouldn\u2019t be connected to other types of forests, like humid forests.\u00a0 That characteristic can only be found in Dari\u00e9n National Park,\u201d explains Sucre.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196823\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091314\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-15.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-196823\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091314\/deforestacion-ganaderia-bosques-areas_naturales_protegidas-panama-15-1067x800.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>The runway in the town of Garachin\u00e9. In the background is a mountain that forms part of Dari\u00e9n National Park. From this town, different parts of the protected area can be accessed. Photo by Jos\u00e9 Arcia for Mongabay<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Various environmental groups have worked to conserve the area\u2019s forests, plus the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), which has allocated funds to kickstart conservation projects. Ranchers like Mart\u00ednez recognize that the work of non-governmental organizations and people has had a positive effect. They have helped improve ranching production systems and helped people to understand the importance of conserving the park.<\/p>\n<p>The Ministry of the Environment has drafted a bill that proposes the creation of forestry incentives to promote conservation. The proposal was presented before the National Assembly (Congress) on March 10th; however, at this point it has not yet been discussed in the Assembly.<\/p>\n<p>The legislative initiative establishes a fund of $15 million annually to incentivize the development of conservation or recuperation projects for damaged areas. \u201cWith this fund, producers will have a source of income to conserve forested areas and recuperate other areas,\u201d says Wing.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196826\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091405\/MIAMBIENTE-DARIEN-16.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-196826\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2017\/06\/25091405\/MIAMBIENTE-DARIEN-16.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Dari\u00e9n National Park, Boca de Cupe. Photo courtesy of the Panama\u2019s Ministry of the Environment<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>This story was reported by Mongabay\u2019s Latin America (Latam) team and was first published in Spanish <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2017\/05\/panama-la-frontera-ganadera-ha-penetrado-parque-nacional-darien\/\"><em>on our Latam site<\/em><\/a><em> on May 07, 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I do not know how Panama puts up with this. Jose Arcia at Mongabay reports that residents, authorities<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[10,12,247,241,39,248,34,33,62,42,219,11,249,243,7,246,244,44],"class_list":["post-20364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-articles-panama-perpsective","tag-bocas-del-toro","tag-boquete","tag-boquete-boca-chica-real-estate","tag-boquete-real-estate","tag-buenaventura","tag-casco","tag-casco-antiguo","tag-casco-viejo","tag-coffee-in-panama","tag-estate-homes-in-panama","tag-move-to-panama","tag-offshore-real-estate","tag-panama-offshore-real-estate","tag-panama-papers","tag-panama-real-estate","tag-relocate-to-panama","tag-rum-in-panama","tag-travel-to-panama"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Panama: the ranching industry has moved into Dari\u00e9n National Park - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/panama-ranching-industry-moved-darien-national-park\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Panama: the ranching industry has moved into Dari\u00e9n National Park\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I do not know how Panama puts up with this. 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