{"id":14590,"date":"2015-09-30T13:30:57","date_gmt":"2015-09-30T18:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=14590"},"modified":"2015-09-30T13:30:57","modified_gmt":"2015-09-30T18:30:57","slug":"money-laundering-and-financial-crimes-in-central-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/money-laundering-and-financial-crimes-in-central-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Money Laundering and Financial Crimes in Central America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/money-laundering.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-14591\" src=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/money-laundering.jpeg\" alt=\"money laundering\" width=\"657\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/money-laundering.jpeg 825w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/money-laundering-300x199.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Of the countries on the isthmus Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama stand out as countries that are causing &#8220;great concern&#8221; in this matter.<\/p>\n<p class=\"description\">From the report by the US State Department: &#8220;International Narcotics Control Strategy Report Volume II &#8211; Money Laundering and Financial Crimes&#8221; March 2015:<\/p>\n<p>Costa Rica<\/p>\n<p>Transnational criminal organizations increasingly favor Costa Rica as a base to commit financial crimes, including money laundering. This trend raises serious concerns about the Costa Rican government\u2019s ability to prevent these organizations from infiltrating the country. Proceeds from international cocaine trafficking represent a significant source of assets laundered in Costa Rica. Sizeable Costa Rica-based online gaming operations also launder millions of INCSR 2015 Volume II Country Reports 100 dollars in illicit proceeds through the country and offshore centers annually. Criminals launder other proceeds through Costa Rica from activities that include financial fraud, human trafficking, corruption, and contraband smuggling. Criminal organizations use financial institutions, licensed and unlicensed money transfer businesses, bulk cash smuggling, and the free trade zones to launder the proceeds of their illicit activities. Money services businesses are at significant risk for money laundering and a potential mechanism for terrorist financing. Trade-based money laundering, while used, is not detected with the same frequency as the above typologies. While there is no recent investigation related to terrorism financing, recent investigations in <a class=\"hlink\" title=\"Costa Rica\" href=\"http:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/en\/search?q1=content_en_le:%22Costa+Rica%22\">Costa Rica<\/a> detected narcotics and arms trafficking linked to the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).<\/p>\n<p>Panam\u00e1<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hlink\" title=\"Panama\" href=\"http:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/en\/search?q1=content_en_le:%22Panama%22\">Panama<\/a>\u2019s strategic geographic location; dollarized economy; status as a regional financial, trade, and logistics center; and lax regulatory system make it an attractive target for money launderers. Money laundered in Panama is believed to come in large part from the proceeds of drug trafficking due to the country\u2019s location along major drug trafficking routes. Tax evasion, bank fraud, and corruption also are believed to be major sources of illicit funds. Numerous factors hinder the fight against money laundering, including the existence of bearer share corporations, a lack of collaboration among government agencies, inconsistent enforcement of laws and regulations, and a weak judicial system susceptible to corruption and favoritism. Money is laundered via bulk cash and trade by exploiting vulnerabilities at the airport, utilizing free trade zones (FTZs), and exploiting the lack of regulatory monitoring in many sectors of the economy. The protection of client secrecy is often stronger than authorities\u2019 ability to pierce the corporate veil to pursue an investigation. Panama has 16 FTZs, including the Colon Free Zone (CFZ), the second-largest FTZ in the world.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"hlink\" title=\"Guatemala\" href=\"http:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/en\/search?q1=content_en_le:%22Guatemala%22\">Guatemala<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Guatemala is not considered a regional financial center. It continues to be a transshipment route<br \/>\nfor South American cocaine and heroin destined for the United States and for cash returning to<br \/>\nSouth America. Smuggling of synthetic drug precursors is also a problem. Reports suggest the<br \/>\nnarcotics trade is increasingly linked to arms trafficking.<\/p>\n<p>Historically weak law enforcement agencies and judiciary, coupled with endemic corruption and<br \/>\nincreasing organized crime activity, contribute to a favorable climate for significant money<br \/>\nlaundering in Guatemala. According to law enforcement agencies, narcotics trafficking,<br \/>\ncorruption, and extortion are the primary sources of money laundered in Guatemala; however,<br \/>\nthe laundering of proceeds from other illicit activities, such as human trafficking, firearms,<br \/>\ncontraband, kidnapping, tax evasion, and vehicle theft, is substantial. Law enforcement agencies<br \/>\nreport that money laundering continues to increase, especially by groups of air travelers heading<br \/>\nto countries, such as Panama, with slightly less than the amount of the Guatemalan reporting<br \/>\nrequirement ($10,000), and through a large number of small deposits in banks along the<br \/>\nGuatemalan border with Mexico. In addition, lax oversight of private international flights<br \/>\noriginating in Guatemala provides an additional avenue to transport bulk cash shipments directly<br \/>\nto South America. There is no indication of terrorist financing activities.<\/p>\n<p>Guatemala\u2019s geographic location makes it an ideal haven for transnational organized crime<br \/>\ngroups, including human and drug trafficking organizations. The Central America Four Border<br \/>\nControl Agreement between El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua allows for free<br \/>\nmovement of the citizens of these countries across their respective borders without passing<br \/>\nthrough immigration or customs inspection. As such, the agreement represents a vulnerability to<br \/>\neach country for the cross-border movement of contraband and illicit proceeds of crime.<\/p>\n<p>There is a category of \u201coffshore\u201d banks in Guatemala in which the customers\u2019 money (usually<br \/>\nGuatemalans with average deposits of $100,000) is legally considered to be deposited in the<br \/>\nforeign country where the bank\u2019s head office is based. In 2014, there were seven \u201coffshore\u201d<br \/>\nentities, with head offices in Panama, the Bahamas, Barbados, and Puerto Rico. These<br \/>\n\u201coffshore\u201d banks are subject to the same AML\/CFT regulations as any local bank. Guatemala<br \/>\nhas 16 active free trade zones (FTZs). FTZs are mainly used to import duty-free goods utilized<br \/>\nin the manufacturing of products for exportation, and there are no known cases or allegations that indicate the FTZs are hubs of money laundering or drug trafficking activity. There are no<br \/>\nreported hawala or other money or value transfer services operating in Guatemala. A significant number of remittances are transferred through banks and appear to pose little risk for <a class=\"hlink\" title=\"Money Laundering\" href=\"http:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/en\/search?q1=content_en_le:%22Money+Laundering%22\">money<br \/>\nlaundering<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Casinos are currently unregulated in Guatemala and a number of casinos, games of chance, and<br \/>\nvideo lotteries operate, both onshore and offshore. Unregulated gaming activity presents a<br \/>\nsignificant money laundering risk.<\/p>\n<p><u><a title=\"Read full report\" href=\"http:\/\/www.state.gov\/documents\/organization\/239561.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read full report<\/a><\/u>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Of the countries on the isthmus Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama stand out as countries that are causing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-articles-panama-perpsective"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Money Laundering and Financial Crimes in Central America - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/money-laundering-and-financial-crimes-in-central-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Money Laundering and Financial Crimes in Central America\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Of the countries on the isthmus Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama stand out as countries that are causing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/money-laundering-and-financial-crimes-in-central-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog and Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750\" \/>\n<meta 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