{"id":13703,"date":"2015-06-18T09:06:33","date_gmt":"2015-06-18T14:06:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=13703"},"modified":"2015-06-20T13:10:59","modified_gmt":"2015-06-20T18:10:59","slug":"remaking-world-trade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/","title":{"rendered":"Remaking world trade?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"nica<\/a><\/p>\n

This is a three part story carried by McClatchy News and written by some great writers.\u00a0 It is an in depth study of the current events and how this project though cloaked in secrecy may indeed happen and how it will affect thousands of people who will be displaced by the largest earth moving project ever in the world.<\/p>\n

First, here is Tim Johnson’s article.\u00a0 Colossal. Mammoth. Vast.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s almost no other way to describe the proposal to build a 170-mile, inter-oceanic canal across Nicaragua, and while the plan has been greeted with widespread skepticism, powerful global forces may also coax the project forward.
\nThose forces include the rising economic might of China, the suspected backer of the proposal, and the emergence of ever-growing number of mega-ships that can\u2019t pass through an expanded Panama Canal but could transit the one proposed for Nicaragua.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nAlready, preliminary work has begun, at a cost to date of hundreds of millions of dollars. Land has been surveyed, routes identified, negotiations begun with landholders. Yet secrecy still cloaks the project, whose ramifications are vast. Tens of thousands of Nicaraguans would be displaced and hundreds of square miles of land would be given over to the Chinese company that holds the concession to build the canal.
\nOther ramifications can only be guessed at: The impact the canal would have on Nicaragua\u2019s environment has yet to be made public. Also uncalculated: the ramifications on world trade that would come from the inter-ocean passage of ships so large that most U.S. ports can\u2019t handle them.
\nAnother looming unknown: how the global balance might change with a Chinese-built and -financed canal dug across an isthmus that has been a nearly exclusive American zone for 200 years.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nWhatever the long-term cost, and if its backers conjure up the financing \u2013 still a big if \u2013 the creation of what would be the world\u2019s biggest canal is without doubt the largest earth-moving project of the modern era.
\nAn army of 50,000 workers would be required to gash a 90-foot-deep ditch across Nicaragua. Plans call for more than 2,000 excavators and heavy earth movers \u2013 some with wheels bigger than the tallest NBA player \u2013 to gouge, claw and chew their way across Nicaragua, moving 5 billion cubic meters of dirt, rock and sludge.
\n\u201cThere\u2019s been no civil engineering project of this magnitude \u2013 ever,\u201d said Bill Wild, the chief project adviser to HKND Group, the Hong Kong-based firm that has won a 50-year concession to build and operate the canal.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nPerhaps appropriately, as the Chinese dragon enters Central America, one has to look to China\u2019s Three Gorges Dam, the world\u2019s largest hydropower project, finished in 2006, to find anything close to equal. That dam, which spans the Yangtze River and displaced well over 1.1 million Chinese upriver along a massive reservoir, used more than double the concrete that would go into the Nicaraguan canal.
\n\u201cBut we are 50 times the size of Three Gorges in terms of earthworks,\u201d Wild said. \u201cThree Gorges is about 100 million (cubic meters of excavated material). We intend to move the best part of 100 million per month.\u201d
\nNothing built in the United States recently remotely comes close, neither the new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge nor Boston\u2019s Big Dig.
\nJust how much earth has to be moved?
\n\u2013 The estimated 5 billion cubic meters of excavated material would fill 1,698 venues the size of Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas.
\n\u2013 It would bury San Francisco (46.38 square miles) to a height of 136 feet.
\n\u2013 It would cover all of Disney World (43 square miles) to a depth of 147 feet, leaving only the tallest spire of Cinderella\u2019s Castle exposed.
\nThe canal company won\u2019t need just fleets of heavy machinery to excavate and haul away the material. The battalions of workers would need 400,000 tons of explosives to blast through rock, and 1.5 billion gallons of diesel and bunker fuel to power the heavy machinery.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nEnter the dragon
\nNicaraguans have dreamed of a canal for generations. So have the Americans, since the beginning of the 1849 California Gold Rush, when tens of thousands of Americans took steamships to the mouth of the San Juan River on Nicaragua\u2019s southeast border. They traveled up the river, across Lake Nicaragua and on to the Pacific coast to board vessels for California.
\nNear the end of the century, American engineers looked seriously at building a canal, taking water measurements along the river and in shallow Lake Nicaragua. But a postage stamp picturing an erupting Momotombo volcano \u2013 one of Nicaragua\u2019s 19 active volcanoes \u2013 scared U.S. lawmakers and persuaded them to build a canal in Panama instead.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nNicaragua\u2019s dream never died, however. A handful of other proposals arose over the decades. But it wasn\u2019t until an opera singer made a fateful trip to Beijing earlier this decade that hopes rose anew. The opera singer was Laureano Ortega, one of the sons of Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, a former guerrilla commander whose most recent turn in power has found him mixing populist, anti-imperialist slogans with pro-business policies.
\nThe younger Ortega, who studied at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory of Music in Milan, likes to sing parts in Puccini and Verdi operas. But he was wearing a different hat on that trip to Beijing. He was traveling as an adviser to ProNicaragua, an official investment promotion agency.
\n\u201cHe talked about the possibility of the canal, and they were so interested,\u201d said Manuel Coronel Kautz, the chief of Nicaragua\u2019s Canal Authority. Chinese officials sent Laureano Ortega to see the minister of infrastructure and authorities at the Bank of China, where he was told that private-sector tycoons would take the initiative.
\nThey handed Laureano Ortega a list. On the list was the name of Wang Jing, a billionaire telecom tycoon with powerful ties within China\u2019s long-ruling Communist Party and reputed ties to the People\u2019s Liberation Army. A meeting was arranged.
\nThus began negotiations that culminated in June 2013, when the Ortega-controlled National Assembly approved a 50-year concession to Wang\u2019s HKND Group to build and operate a trans-oceanic canal, two ports, a free-trade zone, an airport, tourism resorts and other projects.
\nThe concession, which can be renewed for another half-century, gives Nicaragua the right to 1 percent ownership the year the canal comes into operation, rising by 1 percent a year until it owns half the project in 50 years.
\nChina\u2019s government says it has nothing to do with the project \u2013 and technically that\u2019s correct. But some of China\u2019s biggest state-owned enterprises are on board as contractors, and they are subservient to the Chinese Communist Party.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nOrtega in command
\nDaniel Ortega and his Sandinista Front are riding high with all the talk about the coming boom. Fifty-three percent of Nicaraguans support Ortega, making him one of the more popular presidents in Latin America, according to a CID-Gallup poll released in late May.
\nNearly all levers of power are at his disposal. Ortega controls the Congress, the electoral council, the Supreme Court, the army, the police and much of the media. The atmosphere for opponents is chilly, especially for those who ask questions about the canal \u2013 and don\u2019t get answers.
\nOctogenarian poet Ernesto Cardenal, a Sandinista culture minister in the 1980s and a bitter opponent of Ortega today, calls the canal proposal \u201ca monstrosity.\u201d
\nBusiness owners are wary about land expropriations and environmental damage that may occur with canal construction. Some also recognize how the canal could transform the nation.
\n\u201cThere\u2019s going to be more benefit to Nicaragua (by) building the canal than not building the canal,\u201d said Michael Healy Lacayo, chief of the Union of Agricultural Producers of Nicaragua, the nation\u2019s biggest farm group. \u201cRight now, we have steady growth of 4 or 4.5 percent a year. With the canal built, we should be growing around 9 or 10 percent a year.\u201d
\n\u201cYou must realize that Nicaragua has been considered the second poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean after Haiti,\u201d said Tel\u00e9maco Talavera Siles, a university rector who is the canal project\u2019s official spokesman.
\n\u201cWe have to make a leap. And for this leap, we need grand, transformative projects,\u201d Talavera added.
\nThe canal and its affiliated enterprises, once in full operation, would employ 200,000 people in direct and indirect jobs, Talavera said. The project foresees a massive free-trade zone where some 5,000 businesses would have operations in manufacturing, logistics and shipping, employing 113,000 people.
\nWith all that activity, the size of Nicaragua\u2019s economy would double to about $25 billion a year, he added.
\nDigging the canal would leave scars, though. Under the concession, the Hong Kong company would have rights to 633 square miles of land for the canal, the associated projects and an artificial lake, although a spokeswoman, Liliana Li, said it is likely that only 424 square miles would be used. Even that is a big chunk of land, equivalent to nearly 19 times the area of New York City\u2019s Manhattan.
\nScientists say not enough study has been done on the canal\u2019s consequences.
\n\u201cIf large ships pass through Lake Nicaragua, what impact would it have?\u201d asked Jorge Huete-P\u00e9rez, a molecular biologist and vice chair of the Nicaraguan Academy of Science. \u201cWill the canal inhibit the movement of endangered mammals?\u201d
\nHuete-P\u00e9rez noted that the canal\u2019s proposed route from Brito on the Pacific coast to the Punta Gorda River delta on the Caribbean side encompasses \u201ca hotspot for global biodiversity.\u201d Lake Nicaragua, in particular, holds a unique place in freshwater fish evolution.
\nThe lake used to be the freshwater home to bull sharks that swam up the San Juan River, and to prehistoric-looking massive sawfish. Both have since vanished.
\nCoronel, the spry 82-year-old canal authority chief who grew up near the river\u2019s confluence with the lake, lurched in his chair when asked if he\u2019d seen sharks as a youth.
\n\u201cCome on!\u201d he said. \u201cWe used to go fish shark (and catch) three, four, five a day during certain seasons.\u201d
\nSawfish pulled from the lake could measure 7 to 10 feet long, he said, and the jungles and wetlands held all manner of jaguar, tapir, armadillo, anaconda and giant anteaters.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSettlers and colonists have hacked down much of that forest to build cattle ranches. Nicaragua is believed to be losing 270 square miles of woodland a year.
\nSo which is worse, the helter-skelter, slow-motion destruction of settlers or the gashing of a massive canal across the isthmus? The canal company says the answer is in a massive study of the environmental and social impact of the project that it turned over to Nicaragua in a May 31 ceremony. The study, which comprises 14 volumes containing 11,000 pages of text and diagrams, has not yet been made public.
\nA trip along much of the proposed canal route revealed that stands of forest are now rare. In much of southeast Nicaragua, chainsaws do the talking, even in the Cerro Silva and Punta Gorda nature reserves.
\nActivity would become frenetic as the canal company builds nine workers\u2019 camps, each housing 5,400 or so employees, along the proposed canal route. The camps would be closed to outsiders. The company plans rigorous drug and alcohol testing for all employees at the camps, likely crucibles of East meets West.
\nSome 12,500 Chinese laborers would toil alongside three times as many workers from Nicaragua and other parts of the world. The company says it will \u201cprohibit informal trade, squatter camps and prostitution within the worker camps,\u201d but Coronel said brothels would flourish nearby.
\n\u201cWhere Nicaraguans work, everything happens. . . . Prostitution will be rampant. I know that perfectly. I used to work in a sugar mill, and they used to pay every 15 days, 2,000 people. And there were two or three special places,\u201d he said.
\nShifts would last 12 hours, and workers would get breaks after working two to six weeks straight. Excavation would be never-ending. The mountainous piles of excavated material would be placed on 35 spoil dumps.
\n\u201cYou can\u2019t just leave it as mountains along the project,\u201d said Wild, the chief adviser, an Australian. So the workers would heap the material into flat-topped mesas, replace the topsoil and create new, slightly sloping farmland, he said.
\nBy creating 69 square miles of landfill and turning it into farmland near the canal route, Wild said, forest would be lost. But HKND Group has issued a public commitment that the net environmental impact of the canal would be positive. Wild said it plans \u201ca massive amount of reforestation generally throughout the corridor of the canal.\u201d
\nWorkers are already building access roads and drilling new wells, even before Nicaragua has signed off on the environmental impact study. Actual digging is to commence by the end of the year, officials said.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSpeed and secrecy have become hallmarks of the project.
\nWang has pledged to finish the canal by 2020.
\n\u201cWang Jing is in a hurry,\u201d said Coronel, the canal authority chief, noting that consultants had suggested eight to 10 years to complete the project.
\n\u201cWhen Wang Jing came and I told him 10 years, he got up and he told me, \u2018No! Ten years! That can\u2019t be,\u2019\u201d Coronel recalled. \u201cSo I asked him, how long? He tells me, \u2018Five.\u2019 So I got up and said, \u2018No! It can\u2019t be.\u2019 So we sit down and he tells me, \u2018Ah, you don\u2019t know China. . . . You have a technical problem? I\u2019ll bring 1,500 engineers tomorrow.\u2019\u201d
\nFew details have emerged of how the company plans to settle with people who must be relocated. HKND spokeswoman Li said compensation would be reasonable.
\n\u201cFor all the residents in the construction area, with or without land title, the land issue will be solved in a fair and satisfactory way,\u201d Li said in an email.
\nForty-seven protest marches against the project have unfolded along the route. A few have turned violent, as police have cracked down and left injuries. The biggest of the marches occurred June 13 and drew more than 10,000 protesters in the city of Juigalpa.
\nSome opponents of the canal voice fear.
\n\u201cI know my telephone is tapped,\u201d said Franklin Brice\u00f1o Mart\u00ednez, an environmental activist in San Miguelito, on the eastern shore of Lake Nicaragua.
\nBrice\u00f1o spent 10 years in the Sandinista Popular Army and still considers himself a Sandinista, the revolutionary party that Ortega led when he overthrew a military dictatorship and then served his first term as Nicaragua\u2019s president. But Brice\u00f1o doesn\u2019t like Ortega now and considers the canal a beachhead for Chinese intervention, replacing the U.S. intervention feared for so many decades.
\n\u201cWe are facing a new colonization by China. China won\u2019t be here just for the canal,\u201d Brice\u00f1o said. \u201cWe don\u2019t want war. But we also don\u2019t want to become slaves of an Asian culture.\u201d
\nTalavera, the canal spokesman, dismissed worries about Chinese influence. He recalled the U.S. role in building and administering the Panama Canal for nearly a century, keeping the Panama Canal Zone largely off limits to Panamanians.
\n\u201cPanamanians needed a passport or special document to enter,\u201d Talavera said. \u201cThe military forces there were from the U.S. Southern Command. The laws in effect were U.S. laws. . . . Panamanians had no say in any decisions there.\u201d
\nIn contrast, he said, \u201cnational police will provide security here, not Chinese police. Those who will protect the sovereignty are not (members of) the Russian army as has been said. It\u2019s the Nicaraguan army. And the laws here are Nicaraguan. Nicaraguans will be free to go anywhere.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nInternational challenge to America?
\nThe U.S. government has remained largely silent about the project, although the U.S. Embassy in Managua issued a statement in January calling for the Ortega government to offer greater transparency about the canal.
\nHenry Kissinger, an elder U.S. statesman, seemed to sum up Washington\u2019s attitude in an interview with the Chinese magazine Caixin in late March.
\n\u201cWe are now great countries, we will both operate around the world. We will be in some places side by side, some places not side by side. I don\u2019t think that is the issue, and if China wants to spend resources on building a canal in Nicaragua and doesn\u2019t make it a naval base, which is inconceivable, why should that concern me?\u201d Kissinger told the magazine.
\nSince the debut of mega container ships two years ago on the world\u2019s oceans, the trend is sharply upward. Each of the behemoths can carry more than 18,000 20-foot shipping containers. So far this year, eight maritime lines have placed orders for 39 of the mega-ships, the Journal of Commerce reported this month.
\nMystery still surrounds how Wang plans to raise the money to finance canal construction. With a wealth estimated by Forbes magazine at around $7.7 billion, Wang would have to raise money elsewhere. His company has said it will place a listing on a stock exchange. It hasn\u2019t said where the listing will occur.
\nA top adviser to President Ortega, Bayardo Arce, suggested May 25 to reporters that the project was at a temporary lull. Sounding slightly miffed, he said obliquely that \u201cthere is still no cash deposited\u201d for the construction. He did not elaborate.
\nLawyers at the Chicago firm of Kirkland & Ellis, retained by Wang, are raising red flags about property issues along the canal route, Coronel said.
\n\u201cNo one is clear owner of much of the land that will be affected,\u201d he said. \u201cIn the civil registry, there aren\u2019t clear titles.\u201d
\nSome 15 to 20 government lawyers are rushing to grant provisional land titles to settlers and ranchers, Coronel said. Then negotiation over payment for compensated land can begin. He said the land issue should be cleared up by the final quarter of the year, leading to a stock exchange offering.
\n\u201cFour, five or 10 Chinese companies will buy up the shares and it\u2019ll be all done,\u201d Coronel said. \u201cProblem solved. If Ali Baba decides to buy, let\u2019s say, a million shares, and then the railway company another million, why not?\u201d
\nOnly then would construction begin in earnest.
\nRonald MacLean, a Bolivian politician with a Harvard pedigree who served as the global spokesman for HKND Group until earlier this year, said Nicaragua would be transformed.
\n\u201cIt probably will become the most prosperous country in Central America. And I wish I could do the same for Bolivia,\u201d MacLean said.
\n\u201cA lot of people in Nicaragua are missing the opportunity to look at this as a great, unique, once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.\u201d
\nBrittany Peterson of the Washington Bureau contributed to this story, one of several on the proposed Nicaragua canal that were funded in part by a grant from the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

Cloaked in secrecy<\/h1>\n

Details of Nicaragua canal project remain hidden<\/h2>\n

By Brittany Peterson and Tim Johnson<\/span><\/p>\n

Read the entire article here.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Ronald<\/p>\n

Ronald McCrae and his wife, Carmela Hodgson, live in the oceanfront village of Bangkukuk. A planned canal would build a massive container port on Bangkukkuk’s shore.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Nicaragua\u2019s Rama Indians face peril from canal and migrants<\/h1>\n

By Tim Johnson<\/span><\/p>\n

Read the entire article here<\/a><\/p>\n

In the path of \u2018progress\u2019<\/h1>\n

\"Puerto<\/p>\n

Anxious and angry, many fear losing homes, land<\/h2>\n
Read the entire article here<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is a three part story carried by McClatchy News and written by some great writers.\u00a0 It is<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-articles-panama-perpsective"],"yoast_head":"\nRemaking world trade? - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Remaking world trade?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is a three part story carried by McClatchy News and written by some great writers.\u00a0 It is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog and Newsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Adrian Prozzo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Adrian Prozzo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Adrian Prozzo\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69\"},\"headline\":\"Remaking world trade?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3173,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/nica-china-cananal.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News from Panama\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/\",\"name\":\"Remaking world trade? - Blog and Newsletter\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/nica-china-cananal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/nica-china-cananal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/06\\\/nica-china-cananal.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/remaking-world-trade\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Remaking world trade?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\",\"description\":\"Welcome and enjoy!\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/09\\\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png\",\"width\":199,\"height\":168,\"caption\":\"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=100088396493750\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69\",\"name\":\"Adrian Prozzo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Adrian Prozzo\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/adrian\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Remaking world trade? - Blog and Newsletter","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Remaking world trade?","og_description":"This is a three part story carried by McClatchy News and written by some great writers.\u00a0 It is","og_url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/","og_site_name":"Blog and Newsletter","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750","article_published_time":"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Adrian Prozzo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Adrian Prozzo","Est. reading time":"16 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/"},"author":{"name":"Adrian Prozzo","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69"},"headline":"Remaking world trade?","datePublished":"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00","dateModified":"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/"},"wordCount":3173,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg","articleSection":["News from Panama"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/","name":"Remaking world trade? - Blog and Newsletter","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg","datePublished":"2015-06-18T14:06:33+00:00","dateModified":"2015-06-20T18:10:59+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/nica-china-cananal.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/remaking-world-trade\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Remaking world trade?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/","name":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE","description":"Welcome and enjoy!","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Panama-Perspetive-Logo.png","width":199,"height":168,"caption":"THE PANAMA PERSPECTIVE"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100088396493750"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6c118309f214f7da81db90c9905c5e69","name":"Adrian Prozzo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ad1feae25ee47fd05cad15b4eecb3f298066f00b30501ec8ab74742778287eba?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","caption":"Adrian Prozzo"},"url":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/author\/adrian\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13703"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13722,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13703\/revisions\/13722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}