{"id":12290,"date":"2014-12-30T16:24:38","date_gmt":"2014-12-30T21:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=12290"},"modified":"2014-12-30T16:24:38","modified_gmt":"2014-12-30T21:24:38","slug":"how-panama-changed-history-in-the-americas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/how-panama-changed-history-in-the-americas\/","title":{"rendered":"How Panama changed history in the Americas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/cuba_venezuela_horiz.jpg.size_.xxlarge.letterbox.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-12291\" src=\"http:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/cuba_venezuela_horiz.jpg.size_.xxlarge.letterbox.jpg\" alt=\"cuba_venezuela_horiz.jpg.size.xxlarge.letterbox\" width=\"545\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/cuba_venezuela_horiz.jpg.size_.xxlarge.letterbox.jpg 545w, https:\/\/panamaadvisoryinternationalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/cuba_venezuela_horiz.jpg.size_.xxlarge.letterbox-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"subheadline\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Cuban President Raul Castro, left, shakes hands with Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro before the ALBA summit at Revolution Palace in Havana on Sunday. Some observers think fear of losing Venezuelan oil at very generous terms partly drove Castro to work out a deal with the United States.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"subheadline\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">To go to Panama or not to go to Panama \u2014 that was the question. After all, Cuba\u2019s president would be there. Now U.S. President Barack Obama will be there, too.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-authors\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>By:<\/strong> <span class=\"credit\">Oakland Ross<\/span> <span class=\"staff\">Feature Writer,<\/span> <span class=\"published-date\"> Published on Fri Dec 19 2014<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"article-story float-clear\">\n<div class=\"article-story-body\">\n<div class=\"body parsys\">\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Thank Washington. Thank Havana. But also thank Panama City.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Jorge Dominguez does.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>The Harvard University Latin America scholar says it was a bold but largely unacknowledged master stroke by newly elected Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela that sparked this week\u2019s stunning announcement that Cuba and the United States mean to restore diplomatic relations, after more than five decades of bitter hostility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cPanama said, \u2018We\u2019re going to do it \u2014 and tough luck,\u2019 \u201d says Dominguez.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>He is referring to Varela\u2019s decision this past October to invite Cuban President Raul Castro to attend a hemispheric summit scheduled for next April in the Central American country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>That move put the ricocheting ball of regional diplomacy firmly in Washington\u2019s court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>There have been several previous such meetings, known as Summits of the Americas, but the host leaders in every case have bowed to U.S. wishes and kept Cuba off the guest list.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Varela chose a more daring course.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fsk_splitbox\" style=\"height: 0px; margin-top: 1em; text-align: justify;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"fsk_frame_splitbox\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"http:\/\/api.freeskreen.com\/splitbox\/client?pid=52&amp;sid=undefined&amp;confId=27&amp;maxWidth=542&amp;trackerId=8COJKQP9DzoigPw1OeiHGp0Nwx3ZMi&amp;flc=news&amp;slc=world&amp;pos=1301%3B4224#fsk_splitbox\" name=\"fsk_frame_splitbox\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cPanama decided to invite Cuba as a full participant,\u201d says Dominguez. \u201cThe White House had to reach a decision, to accept or not.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Now it seems U.S. President Barack Obama will indeed be in Panama next spring, along with his Cuban counterpart, as their two countries work to restore full diplomatic relations, something they have not enjoyed since Washington severed ties in 1961.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cIf you want to ask why this happened at this time,\u201d says Dominguez, \u201cthat is your answer.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>In other words, thank Panama \u2014 but also spare a moment of recognition for a still emerging spirit of solidarity and assertiveness in a region long dismissed as Washington\u2019s \u201cbackyard.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>That new spirit is just one of several regional shifts that foreshadowed \u2014 and have now been reinforced by \u2014 this week\u2019s announcement of renewed Cuban-U.S. ties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s very clear that Latin American and Caribbean states are feeling their oats,\u201d says John Kirk, a professor of Latin American studies at Dalhousie University in Halifax. \u201cThe days of \u2018gunboat diplomacy\u2019 are over.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Long dominated economically and politically by the United States, Latin American governments have a history of grudgingly giving in to U.S. demands, a history that has certainly included the shunning of Cuba following its 1959 socialist revolution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>With just two exceptions, Mexico and Canada, every country in the Americas has at some point suspended diplomatic ties with the fractious Caribbean island and its former leader, Fidel Castro. All were responding at least in part to U.S. pressure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Granted, not a lot of pressure was needed in every case, considering the sternly conservative cast of many past Latin American governments, including a grim procession of right-wing military dictatorships.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Nowadays, no dictatorships remain, except Cuba, and the governments of at least 10 of Latin America\u2019s 20 countries can be classified as left of centre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>The U.S. is now the only nation in all of the Americas, from mighty Brazil to little Barbados, that does not have full diplomatic relations with Cuba, a powerful indication of how far Washington has fallen behind its hemispheric neighbours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Sooner or later, someone or something had to end the seeming interminable standoff between Havana and Washington, and regional pressure has surely played a part.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cThe sense of Latin American unity will be strengthened by this,\u201d says Kirk. \u201cLatin American resolve and dignity have been strengthened.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>But other factors were \u2014 and are \u2014 at play.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Take Venezuela.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Cuba\u2019s closest ally, Venezuela has been pummelled of late by falling prices for oil, which accounts for almost all of the country\u2019s foreign earnings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>This is miserable news for the socialist government of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, whose approval rating has sunk below 25 per cent, in a country beset by the world\u2019s highest inflation rate, unnerving violence, and stubborn shortages of consumer goods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>But Cuba has serious economic troubles of its own, and they might soon turn catastrophic if oil-rich, cash-poor Venezuela were to suspend or scale back its current practice of supplying the island with more than 100,000 barrels of petroleum a day on very generous terms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cThat would hit Cuba very hard,\u201d says Arch Ritter, a Cuba expert at Carleton University in Ottawa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>According to Susan Purcell, director of the Center for Hemispheric Policy at the University of Miami, the Cuban leader has been earnestly trying to cobble together a Latin American backup plan, focusing mainly on Brazil \u2014 so far, without much success.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cThe threat has been hanging over them for months,\u201d says Purcell, who believes the fear of losing even some of that Venezuelan oil is partly what drove Castro to agree to restore ties with the U.S., a prospect that is bound to pay significant economic dividends for his country. \u201cThe main trigger on the Cuban side was Venezuela.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Meanwhile, for socialist countries such as Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador \u2014 whose leaders delight in excoriating the United States for sins both real and imagined \u2014 the warming in relations between Havana and Washington will make the \u201canti-imperialist card\u201d just a little more difficult to play.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u201cIt lessens the potency of that argument,\u201d says David Smilde, a Venezuela expert at Tulane University in New Orleans, \u201cbut they\u2019re going to make that argument, anyway.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>For Caribbean and Latin American countries heavily reliant on income from tourism, the prospect of an accord between Cuba and the U.S. might be welcome in principle, but it is likely to pose a severe challenge in economic terms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Thanks to its proximity to the U.S., its long ribbons of white-sand beaches, and its rich, flamboyant culture, Cuba is bound to present a massive competitive threat to countries such as the Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica and even Mexico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text combinedtext parbase section\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThe cruise industry will ramp itself up quickly,\u201d says Kirk. \u201cHotel chains will be scouting for virgin territory. I would be quaking in my boots.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuban President Raul Castro, left, shakes hands with Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro before the ALBA summit at Revolution<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news-articles-panama-perpsective"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Panama changed history in the Americas - Blog and Newsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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